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Table 43-12

  • High index of suspicion
    • Site of surgical procedure
    • Subcutaneous emphysema of the neck and thorax
  • Increased end-tidal carbon dioxide and reduced end-tidal carbon dioxide with hypotension
  • Decreased oxygen saturation
  • Increased peak airway pressures
  • Hypotension
  • Unequal chest expansion and air entry
  • Bulging of hemidiaphragm seen through the endoscope
  • Confirmed on thoracic ultrasound and/or chest x-ray