- Creation of pneumoperitoneum (carbon dioxide insufflation and intra-abdominal pressure)
- Hemodynamic
- Pulmonary
- Neurohumoral responses
- Surgical instrumentation
- Injury (vascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, nervous system, thermal)
- Subcutaneous emphysema
- Capnothorax, capnomediastinum, capnopericardium
- Gas embolism
- Patient positioning
|