| Adverse Reaction | Incidence | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Immune-Mediated Reactions | ||
| Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction | 0.03%–2% | |
| Minor allergic reactions (urticaria, flushing) | 1%–3% | |
Anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions
| 0.5/100,000 | IgA deficiency increases risk; washing may avoid reaction |
| 2–3/100,000 | More prevalent with plasma-containing products | |
| Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) | 1/80,000 | |
| Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) | 1/1,500 | Associated with alloantibodies to minor RBC antigens, Kidd or Rh One third have clinical reaction |
| Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) | 100% | |
| Alloimmunization | 2% | For all patients, risk increases with number of units transfused |
| Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) | 1/1,300–5,000 | Varies with blood product component and patient population |
| Graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) | 1/5,000 | Related to immunosuppression; reduced risk with irradiation |
| Posttransfusion purpura (PTP) | Rare | Attributed to antihuman platelet antigen-1a |
| Reactions Related to Patient Comorbidities or Transfusion Practice | ||
| Transfusion-associated cardiovascular overload (TACO) | 1%–8% | Higher in critically ill patients |
| Metabolic derangements | ||
| ||
| Infusion of microaggregate | ||
*Frequencies are presented as percentages when >0.1% and otherwise as ratios.
IgA = immunoglobulin A; RBC = red blood cell.