Table 48-9
- Risk Factors
- Male gender
- Obesity
- Wilson frame (strive to position patient's head at level with or higher than the heart)
- Prolonged anesthesia (consider staged procedures)
- Greater estimated blood loss
- Lower percent colloid administration
- Acute venous congestion of the optic canal
- Not Risk Factors
- Advanced age
- Hypertension
- Atherosclerosis
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Unclear Role
- Inflammatory (local or systemic) response