Table 39-1
- Major Predictors (perform only emergent surgery)
- Acute myocardial infarction (<7 days)
- Recent myocardial infarction (7–30 days)
- Unstable angina
- Decompensated congestive heart failure
- Severe valvular disease
- Significant cardiac dysrhythmias
- Intermediate Predictors
- History of ischemic heart disease (current or prior angina pectoris, prior myocardial infarction)
- Past or compensated congestive heart failure
- Diabetes mellitus
- Renal insufficiency
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Minor Predictors (recognized markers for cardiovascular disease but not proven to increase perioperative risk independently)
- Age >70 years
- Abnormal electrocardiographic findings
- Uncontrolled systemic hypertension