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Table 43-3

  • Increased systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure
    • Causes: Hypercarbia, neuroendocrine response (increased catecholamines, vasopressin, cortisol), mechanical factors (direct compression of aorta)
  • Increased or no change in cardiac filling pressures
    • Causes: Compression of intra-abdominal organs (liver, spleen)
  • Decreased or no change in cardiac index
    • Causes: Increased afterload, decreased venous return and cardiac filling
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias (bradycardia or tachycardia)
    • Causes: Peritoneal stretch, hypercarbia, hypoxia, capnothorax, pulmonary embolism