| ICP | HELLP | AFLP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| % Pregnancies | 0.1 (United States) | 0.2–0.6 | 0.005–0.01 |
| Onset | 25–32 weeks' gestation | Third trimester or postpartum | Third trimester or postpartum |
| Family history | Often | No | Occasionally |
| Presence of preeclampsia | No | Yes | 50% |
| Typical clinical features | Pruritus Mild jaundice Elevated bile acids Decreased vitamin K | Hemolysis Thrombo-cytopenia (often <50,000 ) | Liver failure with:
|
| Amino-transferases | Mild to 10- to 20-fold elevation | Mild to 10- to 20-fold elevation | 300–500 typical but variable |
| Bilirubin | <5 mg/dL | <5 mg/dL unless massive necrosis | Often <5 mg/dL but higher if severe |
| Hepatic imaging | Normal | Hepatic infarcts Hematomas | Fatty infiltration |
| Histology | Normal to mild cholestasis; no necrosis | Patchy to extensive necrosis and hemorrhage | Microvascular fat in zone 3 |
| Maternal mortality rate (%) | 0 | 1–25 | 7–18 |
| Fetal or perinatal mortality rate (%) | 0.4–1.4 | 11 | 9–23 |
| Recurrence in subsequent pregnancies (%) | 45–70 | 4–19 | LCHAD defect |
DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation; LCHAD = long-chain 3 hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase.