Table 16-5
- Unstable Vital Signs
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Tachypnea or dyspnea
- Laboratory and Invasive Monitor Indices
- Mixed venous O2 saturation (SVmO2) <50%
- Central venous O2 saturation (SVcO2) <60%
- Increased O2 extraction ratio (O2ER) >50%
- Lactic acidosis (metabolic acidemia with lactate >2 mmol/L)
- Signs of End-Organ Dysfunction
- Electrocardiographic (ST changes, onset of arrhythmias) or echocardiographic indications of myocardial ischemia
- Electroencephalographic indications of cerebral hypoperfusion
- New-onset oliguria (<0.5 mL/kg/hr for >6 hr)