Lung cancer has long been the most common cause of cancer mortality in the United States in men and has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in women (Eisenkraft JF, Cohen E, Neustein SM. Anesthesia for thoracic surgery. In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, Cahalan MK, Ortega R, Stock MC, eds. Clinical Anesthesia.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013:1030–1075). The increased incidence of lung cancer has led to an increase in the amount of noncardiac thoracic surgery performed in the United States.