(staf‵ĭ-lō-kok'ăl)

Infection and inflammation of the outer layers of skin, predominantly but not exclusively found in children, older persons, and immunosuppressed patients. It is caused by exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Initially, the skin in the affected areas is rough, with a bright red, flat rash; it then becomes wrinkled, and blisters form. The syndrome is treated with antistaphylococcal antibiotics (such as nafcillin); supportive care is provided to minimize the risk of cellulitis or pneumonia. Between 2% and 3% of affected patients die of the disease. In survivors, the blisters heal without scarring.

Treatment: Beta-lactamase–resistant synthetic penicillin is given. The bullae and denuded skin should be treated symptomatically. Uncomplicated lesions heal without scarring.SYN: Ritter disease.