Procedures to preserve the form and symmetry of the breast are used in breast-conserving surgery (oncoplastic surgery).
Tumours of the breast that require complete mastectomy but no further treatment may be removed in a skin-sparing operation with immediate breast reconstruction.
Genetic predisposition to breast cancer
Family history or a detected gene may indicate a prophylactic mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction.
Cancer of the genital and perineal area, in both women and men, that requires reconstructive surgery
See local instructions and guidelines concerning the provision of emergency services in plastic surgery.
Aesthetic surgery
Surgery for normal changes of the human body
Surgery on purely aesthetic indications is usually performed in private clinics only.
Complications of aesthetic surgery requiring urgent treatment (bleeding, thrombosis, infections) are treated within the public health care if needed. Variation in these policies may exist in different countries.
In the context of diseases and injuries, as well as in situations that cause functional disadvantage, procedures belonging to the realm of aesthetic surgery are provided in the public sector too (face lift, blepharoplasty, liposuction, fat transplantation, laser therapies, breast augmentation, abdominoplasty).