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Evidence summaries

Physical Therapist Management of Lymphoedema Following Treatment for Breast Cancer

Manual lymphatic drainage added to compression bandaging may reduce breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) compared to compression bandaging alone. Physical methods might possibly be effective treatments for lymphoedema following breast cancer surgery. Level of evidence: "D"

A Cochrane review [Abstract] 2 included 6 trials with a total of 208 patients to assess the efficacy and safety of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) for breast-cancer related lymphedema (BCRL). MLD + compression bandaging versus compression bandaging alone showed reductions of 30% to 38.6% for compression bandaging alone, and an additional 7.11% reduction for MLD (MD 7.11%, 95% CI 1.75% to 12.47%; 2 RCTs; n=83, P=0.06).

MLD + standard physiotherapy versus standard physiotherapy showed improvements in both groups from baseline but no significant between-groups differences (1 trial, n = 42).

Three trials compared MLD + compression therapy to non-MLD treatment + compression therapy. In a study comparing compression sleeve + MLD to compression sleeve + pneumatic pump, volume reduction was larger in MLD group (MD 47.00 mL, 95% CI 15.25 mL to 78.75 mL; 1 RCT; n = 24). Edema volume was smaller in the MLD group in another trial comparing compression sleeve plus MLD to compression sleeve plus self-administered simple lymphatic drainage (MD -230.00 mL, 95% CI -450.84 mL to -9.16 mL; 1 RCT; n = 31). A third trial compared MLD + compression bandaging versus self-administered drainage + compression bandaging; no difference in volume reduction was detected (MD 11.80%, 95% CI -2.47% to 26.07%, n = 28).

A systematic review and meta-analysis 3 included 10 RCTs assessing manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) in breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) patients. Statistically significant improvements were found on the incidence of lymphedema (RR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.93, P =.02) and pain intensity (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI -1.34 to -0.09, P = .02). The effects of MLD on volumetric changes of lymphedema and quality of life were not statistically significant.

Comment: The quality of evidence is downgraded by study quality (poor methodological quality in original studies) and and by imprecise results (limited study size).

    References

    • Ezzo J, Manheimer E, McNeely ML et al. Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(5):CD003475. [PubMed]
    • Lin Y, Yang Y, Zhang X, et al. Manual Lymphatic Drainage for Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Breast Cancer 2022;22(5):e664-e673. [PubMed]

Primary/Secondary Keywords