Pacing mode | Indications | Function | Disadvantages | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AAI | Atrial pacing | Sinus node dysfunction | Senses and paces the atrium | Requires normal atrioventricular conduction |
VVI | Ventricular pacing | Slow atrial fibrillation Rarely occurring bradycardia | Senses and paces only the ventricle | Does not restore atrioventricular synchrony Pacemaker syndrome |
VDD | Single-lead physiological pacing | Atrioventricular block | Senses the atria and ventricle, paces only the ventricle | Does not pace the atria Inadequate sensing of atrial activation |
DDI | Atrioventricular sequential pacing | Atrioventricular block + atrial arrhythmia | Senses and paces the atria and, if necessary, the ventricle | Does not use atrial tracking to pace the ventricle |
DDD | Dual chamber pacing | Atrioventricular block Sinus node dysfunction* | Senses and paces the atria and the ventricle Changes the heart rate | Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia |
_ _ _ R | Rate-responsive pacings | Sinus node disease (AAIR/DDDR) Slow atrial fibrillation (VVIR) | Changes the heart rate according to sensor activity, may be connected to all modes except VDD | The kinetic sensor may erroneously react to vibration (e.g. when using a chain saw) |
* When DDD pacing is used in the treatment of sinus node dysfunction, the device must be programmed to minimise ventricular pacing. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Follow-up of a patient with an implanted pacemaker
Investigations at a pacemaker clinic
Indications for pacemaker clinic consultation
The most common types of pacemaker malfunction and associated ECG findings
| |||||||||||||||||||||
* The frequency of fixed-rate pacing (asynchronous mode) triggered by interference is dependent on the device. The device will return to normal function on the disappearance of the disturbance. Should interference switch the pacemaker to the safety mode, the programming unit is needed to return normal function. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Innocent phenomena
Pacemaker malfunction
Pacemaker syndrome
Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia
External interference
Arrhythmias in patients with an implanted pacemaker
Removal of a pacemaker
|