Subconjunctival bleeding | Hypertension, thrombocytopenia, trauma (contact lens) |
Haematomas (on the skin, mucous membrane) | Thrombocytopenia |
Papular bleeding in the lower legs | Cryoglobulinaemia, purpuras (Henoch-Schönlein) |
Bleeding into the mucous membranes | Osler's disease, von Willebrand disease, deficiency or functional disturbance of platelets |
Bruising (extensive, deep) | Deficiency of a single coagulation factor, trauma |
Bruising (limited, superficial) | Thrombocytopenia, von Willebrand disease, Cushing's disease |
Bleeding into the joints | Haemophilia A and B, rarely some other coagulation factor deficiency |
Prothrombin time and APTT normal | Mild von Willebrand disease (F VIII normal) F XIII deficiency Functional disorder of platelets |
APTT prologned | F V, X, II, VIII, IX, XI deficiency F XII deficiency (> 180 s) Lupus anticoagulant (Direct anticoagulants, heparin therapy) |
Prothrombin time low | Vitamin K deficiency Liver failure F VII, X, II deficiency (Warfarin, direct anticoagulants) |
APTT prolonged and prothrombin time low | Severe liver failure Severe DIC Severe accumulation of anticoagulation therapy Coagulopathy associated with massive blood transfusion |