Disease or disease group | Mode of transmission | Main symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment |
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Dientamoebiasis Dientamoebiasis in Adults | Faeces - intestine | Flatulence, loose stools, diarrhoea, constipation, abdominal pain, weight loss, prolonged abdominal complaints, faecal incontinence | Faecal nucleic acid detection (analysis including Dientamoeba fragilis) | Paromomycin1) or metronidazole |
Giardiasis Giardiasis | Faeces - intestine | Abdominal pains, loose stools, flatulence, nausea, loss of appetite, weight loss, intermittent symptoms in the chronic form | Faecal screening test for intestinal parasites or nucleic acid detection, or giardia staining from small bowel samples | Tinidazole1) , metronidazole in a resistant case quinacrine (mepacrine)1) |
Intestinal amoebiasis Amoebiasis | Faeces - intestine | Severe diarrhoea, bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever | Faecal nucleic acid detection or detection of Entamoeba histolytica antigens | Metronidazolefollowed byparomomycin1) |
Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis | Faeces - intestine | Watery diarrhoea | Faecal nucleic acid detection or Cryptosporidium stain | Nitazoxanide1) |
Cyclosporiasis Cryptosporidiosis | Faeces - intestine | Watery diarrhoea | Faecal stain for Cryptosporidium | Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole |
Cystoisosporiasis Cryptosporidiosis | Faeces - intestine | Diarrhoea, prolonged symptoms in immunocompromised patients | Faecal stain for Cryptosporidium | Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole |
Microsporidiosis | An opportunistic infection in an immunocompromised patient | Diarrhoea, abdominal complaints | Faecal stain for microsporidia | |
1) May require special license |