Common |
---|
Acute bronchitis Acute Bronchitis |
Exacerbation of COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
Heart failure Acute Heart Failure and Pulmonary Oedema |
Old changes seen in the chest x-ray and erroneously interpreted as a fresh infection (important to compare images taken at different times) |
More rare |
Tumour Lung Cancers |
Pulmonary tuberculosis Diagnosing Tuberculosis |
Allergic alveolitis Allergic Alveolitis |
Eosinophilic pneumonia Eosinophilic Pneumonia |
Drug reaction |
Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis |
Atelectasis |
Pulmonary infarction |
Respirator-induced lung damage |
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia |
Pulmonary fibrosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Asbestos-Related Diseases Silicosis |
Vasculitis Vasculitides |
Radiation pneumonitis Management of Adverse Effects of Radiotherapy |
Drug | Dose | Notes |
---|---|---|
1)Amoxicillin can be combined with a macrolide or with doxycycline. The patient has to be sufficiently informed to ensure that he/she takes both drugs concurrently. | ||
First-line drug | ||
Amoxicillin | 750 mg - 1 g 3 times daily | Not effective against Chlamydophila pneumoniae or Mycoplasma. Combine with a macrolide or with doxycycline if indicated 1) . |
Second-line drugs (first-line drugs for patients with penicillin allergy). | ||
Doxycycline | 100 mg twice daily | When cover for Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma is wanted. Not as sole medication in severe pneumonia |
Moxifloxacin | 400 mg once daily | Also to be considered if the patient has been treated with other antimicrobial drugs during the past 3 months (excluding treatment for an urinary tract infection) or has travelled abroad or has a severe underlying disease. These drugs increase drug resistance in a number of bacterial species. |
Levofloxacin | 500 mg (1-)2 times daily or 750 mg once daily | |
Drug | Dose | Notes |
---|---|---|
1) May be given in combination with an oral macrolide or doxycycline in order to cover Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma | ||
First-line drugs | ||
Cefuroxime1) | 1.5 g 3-4 times daily intravenously | Effective in many other severe infectionsbesides pneumonia Oral administration is not effective enough. |
Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin)1) | 2 million IU 6 times daily or 2.5-5 million IU 4 times daily intravenously | For a young fit patient with lobar pneumonia and no underlying diseases Cefuroxime can be replaced with penicillin G as soon as pneumococcal aetiology has been confirmed. |
Second-line drugs | ||
Moxifloxacin | 400 mg once daily intravenously or orally | Change over to oral administration as soon as possible |
Levofloxacin | 500 mg twice daily or 750 mg once daily intravenously or orally | Change over to oral administration as soon as possible |