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Evidence summaries

Combination of Inhaled Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonists and Inhaled Steroids Versus Higher Dose of Inhaled Steroids in Persistent Asthma

Combination of long-acting beta-2 agonists with inhaled corticosteroids modestly reduces the risk of exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids, improves lung function and symptoms in adult asthmatics as compared with increasing the dose of inhaled corticosteroids. Level of evidence: "A"

A Cochrane review [Abstract] 1 included 48 studies with a total of 15 155 subjects (1 155 children and 14 000 adults). Participants were inadequately controlled on their current inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) regimen. The combination of salmeterol or formoterol with a median dose of 400 mcg/day of beclomethasone or equivalent (BDP-eq) was compared to a median of 1000 mcg/day of BDP-eq, usually for 24 weeks or less.

Exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids in patients treated with long-acting inhaled ß2 agonist (LABA) and ICS were reduced (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.98, 25 studies, N = 9 833) from 11.45% to 10% (NNT=73). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk for either hospital admission (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.56) or serious adverse events (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.37). The combination of LABA and ICS resulted in significantly greater but modest improvement from baseline in lung function, symptoms and rescue medication use than with higher ICS dose. Despite no significant group difference in the risk of overall adverse events (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.03), there was an increase in the risk of tremor (RR 1.84, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.82) and a lower risk of oral thrush (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.86) in the LABA and ICS compared to the higher ICS group. There was no significant difference in hoarseness or headache between the treatment groups. The rate of withdrawals due to poor asthma control favoured the combination of LABA and ICS (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.83).

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References

  • Ducharme FM, Ni Chroinin M, Greenstone I, Lasserson TJ. Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled steroids versus higher dose inhaled steroids in adults and children with persistent asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010 Apr 14;(4):CD005533. [PubMed]

Primary/Secondary Keywords