Risk factor | Intervention |
---|---|
Impaired vision | Checking the eyeglasses, correcting the refractive error, management of cataracts, improving lighting |
Impaired hearing | Hearing aid, other assistive devices |
Impaired sense of balance | Removing medicines affecting balance, balance exercises, walking. |
Weakened muscle strength | Muscle strength exercises, walking |
Medication | Elimination of polypharmacy, if possible. Avoiding any single strongly anticholinergic drug or combinations of several mild anticholinergics, avoiding tricyclic and SSRI antidepressants and drugs causing orthostatism. Avoiding benzodiazepines, opioids, antipsychotic agents, reducing doses, checking the duration of treatment |
Malnutrition | Recognizing depression, memory disorders and malignant diseases. Examining and treating other conditions leading to malnutrition. |
Depression | Recognizing depression Nonpharmacological treatment and medicines if needed (no tricyclic antidepressants) |
Memory diseases | Removing unnecessary medicines, avoiding anticholinergic drugs and benzodiazepines, optimal treatment of chronic diseases, improving home safety, exercises |
Foot problems | Management of callus and hallux valgus, appropriate shoes |
Parkinson's disease | Checking the medication, treating orthostatism, physical activity and walking exercises, rehabilitation |
Orthostatic hypotension | Checking medicines, sufficient intake of fluids, rest after dining, raising the head end of the bed, slow rising to upright position Possible medication: fludrocortisone (0.1 mg ½ × 1, up to 1 × 2) |
Degeneration of the cervical spine | Personal belongings at an easy reach, physiotherapy |
Musculoskeletal disorders | Treating underlying diseases; walking aids, non-slip spikes on soles and on the cane, improved home safety |