Intensive care | Need to ensure a patent airway, respiratory failure |
Haemodynamic failure, actual or impending severe arrhythmia (torsades de pointes, long QT interval, QRS > 120 ms, bradycardia) |
Decreased level of consciousness, agitation or confusion, convulsions |
Evident disturbance of the acid-base balance, electrolyte disturbances that are difficult to treat or hypoglycaemia, hyperthermia |
Acute renal damage or liver failure |
Need for extracorporeal treatment |
(Intensified) monitoring | Poisoning with minor symptoms if there is reason to suspect delayed drug absorption |
Severe withdrawal symptoms |
Need for rarer antidotes |
Poisoning caused by newer pharmaceuticals or designer drugs with lack of experience of treatment |