In hot climate and when standing for prolonged times, the legs of even a health individual may swell. As venous pressure increases, erythrocyte extravasation into the skin may occur and orthostatic purpura develop in lower extremities.
Appearance of skin manifestation | Possible diagnosis |
---|---|
Maculopapular rash | Dengue, other arbovirus infections Acute HIV infection Syphilis Measles Mononucleosis Cytomegalovirus infection Rickettsiosis, i.e. spotted fever Leptospirosis Zika virus infection Haemorrhagic fevers |
Erythema chronicum migrans Reddish nodule or swelling (lymphocytoma) | Borreliosis, i.e. Lyme disease |
Rose spots | Typhoid fever |
Pustules | Staphylococcal infection Generalised gonococcal infection |
Petechiae, eccymoses, haemorrhages | Meningococcal disease Dengue Rickettsiosis, i.e. spotted fever Leptospirosis Yellow fever Haemorrhagic fevers |
Dark scabs (eschar, tache noire) | Rickettsiosis, i.e. spotted fever Anthrax Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever |
Ulcer | Tularaemia Cutaneous diphtheria Syphilis Cutaneous leishmaniasis |
Urticaria | Tissue invasion phase in helminthic infections Acute schistosomiasis |