section name header

Evidence summaries

Calcium Antagonists as an Add-on Therapy for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Flunarizine might possibly have a weak effect on seizure frequency as add-on treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, but had a significant withdrawal rate probably due to adverse effects. Similarly, the evidence is insufficient to support the use of nifedipine or nimodipine. Level of evidence: "D"

Summary

A Cochrane review [Abstract] 1 included 11 studies with a total of 424 subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy. Flunarizine was studied in one parallel and seven cross-over trials, nimodipine in two cross-over and nifedipine in one cross-over trial. A 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency was selected as a specified outcome. For the parallel trial with flunarizine (n=93), the odds ratio (OR) for 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency was 1.64 (95% CI 0.55 to 4.94), indicating a non-significant advantage of flunarizine. The data for this outcome were not obtainable from the 7 cross-over trials. Flunarizine was significantly more likely to be withdrawn than placebo (OR 5.83, 95% CI 2.06 to 16.45). No adverse effects were statistically associated with flunarizine. For nimodipine, there were data only from the first treatment period from one of the two cross-over trials (17 participants). The ORs for a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency was 11.34 (95% CI 1.00 to 128.03) and for treatment withdrawal 2.46 (95% CI 0.22 to 27.75).

Comment: The quality of the evidence is downgraded by study quality (unclear allocation concealment), imprecise results (few patients and wide confidence intervals) and indirectness of evidence (differences in outcomes).

Clinical comments

Note

Date of latest search:

References

  • Hasan M, Pulman J, Marson AG. Calcium antagonists as an add-on therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;3():CD002750. [PubMed]

Primary/Secondary Keywords