Substance Abuse in Pregnancy - Related Resources

Cochrane reviews

There is insufficient evidence of psychological and educational interventions for reducing alcohol consumption in pregnant women Psychological and/or Educational Interventions for Alcohol or Drug Consumption in Pregnancy.
There is insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on illicit drug use in pregnant women or obstetrical or neonatal outcomes. Contingency management strategies seem to improve retention in treatment programs Psychosocial Interventions for Pregnant Women in Outpatient Illicit Drug Treatment Programs Compared to other Interventions.
There is insufficient evidence on benefits of naloxone to newborn infants with cardiorespiratory or neurological depression due to intrauterine exposure to opiateNaloxone for Narcotic-Exposed Newborn Infants.
Opiates, as compared to supportive care only, appear to reduce the time to regain birth weight and reduce the duration of supportive care, but increase the duration of hospital stay in the treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome due to withdrawal from opiates Opiate Treatment for Opiate Withdrawal in Newborn Infants.
In newborn infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) needing a sedative, phenobarbital may reduce the daily duration of supportive care needed, and compared to diazepam may reduce treatment failure. An opiate is the preferred initial therapy for NAS Sedatives for Opiate Withdrawal in Newborn Infants.
Routine home visits after childbirth for women with a drug or alcohol problem may not be helpful in solving the abuse problem Home Visits after Birth for Women with an Alcohol or Drug Problem.

Literature

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American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women. Committee opinion no. 496: At-risk drinking and alcohol dependence: obstetric and gynecologic implications. Obstet Gynecol 2011;118(2 Pt 1):383-8. [PubMed]
Patra J, Bakker R, Irving H et al. Dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy and the risks of low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA)-a systematic review and meta-analyses. BJOG 2011;118(12):1411-21. [PubMed]
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Holmes LB. 2011. Human Teratogens: Update 2010. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 1-7 ISSN 1542-0760. DOI 10.1002/bdra.20748.
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Kahila H, Kivitie-Kallio S, Halmesmäki E, Valanne L, Autti T. Brain magnetic resonance imaging of infants exposed prenatally to buprenorphine. Acta Radiol 2007 Mar;48(2):228-31. [PubMed]
Sarkola T, Kahila H, Gissler M, Halmesmäki E. Risk factors for out-of-home custody child care among families with alcohol and substance abuse problems. Acta Paediatr 2007 Nov;96(11):1571-6. [PubMed]
Hytinantti T, Kahila H, Renlund M, Järvenpää AL, Halmesmäki E, Kivitie-Kallio S. Neonatal outcome of 58 infants exposed to maternal buprenorphine in utero. Acta Paediatr 2008 Aug;97(8):1040-4. [PubMed]
Kahila H, Stefanovic V, Loukovaara M, Alfthan H, Hämäläinen E, Halmesmäki E. Prenatal buprenorphine exposure: effects on biochemical markers of hypoxia and early neonatal outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2008;87(11):1213-9. [PubMed]

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Substance Abuse in Pregnancy - Related Resources

Cochrane reviews

Literature