section name header

Indications

High Alert

Contraind./Precautions

Contraindicated in:

Use Cautiously in:

Adv. Reactions/Side Effects

CV: hypertension, hypotension, palpitations.

Derm: sweating, clammy feeling.

EENT: blurred vision, diplopia, miosis (high doses).

GI: nausea, constipation, dry mouth, ileus, vomiting.

GU: urinary retention.

Neuro: confusion, dysphoria, hallucinations, sedation, euphoria, floating feeling, headache, unusual dreams.

Resp: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION (INCLUDING CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA AND SLEEP-RELATED HYPOXEMIA).
Misc: allodynia, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance.

Interactions

Drug-Drug:

Drug-Natural Products:

Availability

(Generic available)

Route/Dosage

US Brand Names

Stadol

Action

Therapeutic Effects:

Classifications

Therapeutic Classification: opioid analgesics

Pharmacologic Classification: opioid agonists antagonists

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Well absorbed from IM sites and nasal mucosa.

Distribution: Extensively distributed to tissues.

Metabolism/Excretion: Mostly metabolized by the liver; 11–14% excreted in the feces. Minimal renal excretion.

Half-life: 3–4 hr.

Contr. Subst. Schedule

Schedule IV (C-IV)

Time/Action Profile

(analgesia)

ROUTEONSETPEAKDURATION
IMwithin 15 min30–60 min3–4 hr
IVwithin min4–5 min2–4 hr
Intranasalwithin 15 min1–2 hr4–5 hr

Patient/Family Teaching

Pronunciation

byoo-TOR-fa-nole