| Drug | Peak Time | Duration of Action | Therapeutic Level | Toxic Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotics | ||||
| Amikacin | IM: 1/2 hr | |||
| IV: 15 min | 2 days | 20-25 µg/mL | 35 µg/mL | |
| SI units | 34-43 µmol/L | 60 µmol/L | ||
| Gentamicin | IM: 1/2 hr | 2 days | 4-8 µg/mL | 12 µg/mL |
| IV: 15 min | ||||
| SI units | 8.4-16.8 µmol/L | 25.1 µmol/L | ||
| Kanamycin | ½ hr | 2 days | 20-25 µg/mL | 35 µg/mL |
| SI units | 42-52 µmol/L | 73 µmol/L | ||
| Streptomycin | 1/2-11/2 hr | 5 days | 25-30 µg/mL | >30 µg/mL |
| SI units | ||||
| Tobramycin | IV: 15 min | 2 days | 2-8 µg/mL | 12 µg/mL |
| SI units | 4-17 µmol/L | 25 µmol/L | ||
| Anticonvulsants | ||||
| Barbiturates and barbiturate-related | ||||
| Amobarbital | IV: 30sec | 10-20 hr | 7 µg/mL | 30 µg/mL |
| SI units | 30 µmol/L | 132 µmol/L | ||
| Pentobarbital | IV: 30sec | 15 hr | 4 µg/mL | 15 µg/mL |
| SI units | 18 µmol/L | 66 µmol/L | ||
| Phenobarbital | 15 min | 80 hr | 10 µg/mL | 55 µg/mL |
| SI units | 43 µmol/L | <230 µmol/L | ||
| Primidone | PO: 3 hr | 7-14 hr | 1 µg/mL | <10 µg/mL |
| SI units | 4 µmol/L | <45 µmol/L | ||
| Benzodiazepines | ||||
| Clonazepam (Klonopin) | 1-4 hr | 60 hr | 5-70 ng/ml | >70 ng/mL |
| SI units | 55-222 µmol/L | >222 µmol/L | ||
| Diazepam (Valium) | 1-4 hr | 1-2 days | 5-70 ng/mL | >70 ng/mL |
| SI units | 0.01-0.25 µmol/L | >0.25 µmol/L | ||
| Hydantoins | ||||
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) | 3-12 hr | 7-42 hr | 10-20 µg/mL | >20 µg/mL |
| SI units | 40-80 µmol/L | >80 µmol/L | ||
| Succinimides | ||||
| Ethosuximide (Zarontin) | 1 hr | 8 days | 40-80 µg/mL | 100 µg/mL |
| SI units | 283-566 µmol/L | 708 µmol/L | ||
| Miscellaneous | ||||
| Carbamazepine (Tegretol) | 4 hr | 2 days | 2-10 µg/mL | 12 µg/mL |
| SI units | 8-42 µmol/L | 50 µmol/L | ||
| Valproic acid (Depakene) | 1-4 hr | 24 hr | 50-100 µg/mL | >100 µg/mL |
| SI units | 350-700 µmol/L | >700 µmol/L | ||
| Bronchodilators | ||||
| Aminophylline/theophylline | PO: 2 hr | 8-9 hr | 10-18 µg/mL | >20 µg/mL |
| IV: 15 min | ||||
| Cardiac Drugs | ||||
| Disopyramide (Norpace) | PO: 2 hr | 25-30 hr | 2-4.5 µg/mL | >9 µg/mL |
| SI units | 5.9-13 µmol/L | 26 µmol/L | ||
| Quinidine | PO: 1 hr | 20-30 hr | 2.4-5 µg/mL | >6 µg/mL |
| IV: immediate | ||||
| SI units | 7-15 µmol/L | >18 µmol/L | ||
| Procainamide (Pronestyl) | PO: 1 hr | 10-20 hr | 4-8 µg/mL | >12 µg/mL |
| IV: 1/2 hr | ||||
| SI units | 17-35 µmol/L | >50 µmol/L | ||
| NAPA (N-acetyl procainamide, a procainamide metabolite) | – | – | 2-8 µg/mL | >30 µg/mL |
| SI units | 7-29 µmol/L | 108 µmol/L | ||
| Lidocaine | IV: immediate | 5-10 hr | 2-6 µg/mL | >9 µg/mL |
| SI units | 8-25 µmol/L | >38 µmol/L | ||
| Bretylium | 15-30 min | 6-8 hr | 5-10 µg/kg | 30 µg/kg |
| Verapamil | PO: 5 hr | 8-10 hr | 5-10 µg/kg | >15 µg/kg |
| IV: 3-5 min | IV: 1/2-1 hr | |||
| Diltiazem | PO: 2-3 hr | 3-4 hr | 50-200 ng/mL | >200 ng/mL |
| Nifedipine | 1-3 hr | 3-4 hr | 5-10 mg | 90 mg |
| Digitoxin | 4 hr | 30 days | 10-25 ng/mL | 30 ng/mL |
| SI units | 13-33 nmol/L | 39 nmol/L | ||
| Digoxin | 2 hr | 7 days | 0.5-2 ng/mL | >2.5 ng/mL |
| SI units | 0.6-2.5 nmol/L | >3.0 nmol/L | ||
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) | PO: 2 hr | 96 hr | 10-18 µg/mL | >20 µg/mL |
| SI units | 40-71 µmol/L | >80 µmol/L | ||
| Quinidine | IV: 1 hr | |||
| – | – | 2.3-5 µg/mL | >5 µg/mL | |
| SI units | 7-15 µmol/L | >15 µmol/L | ||
| Salicylates | ||||
| Aspirin | 15 min | 12-30 hr | 2-20 mg/dL | >30 mg/dL |
| SI units | 0.1-1.4 mmol/L | >2.1 mmol/L | ||
| 2-30 mg/dL | 40 mg/dL | |||
| SI units | 0.1-2.1 mmol/L | 2.8 mmol/L | ||
| Narcotics | ||||
| Codeine | – | – | – | >0.005 mg/dL |
| SI units | >17 nmol/L | |||
| Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) | – | – | – | >0.1 mg/dL |
| SI units | >350 nmol/L | |||
| Methadone | – | – | – | >0.2 mg/dL |
| SI units | >6.46 µmol/L | |||
| Meperidine (Demerol) | – | – | – | >0.5 mg/dL |
| SI units | >20 µmol/L | |||
| Morphine | – | – | – | >0.005 mg/dL |
| Barbiturates | ||||
| Phenobarbital | – | – | 10 µg/mL | 55 µg/mL |
| SI units | 43 µmol/L | 230 µmol/L | ||
| Amobarbital | – | – | 7 µg/mL | 30 µg/mL |
| SI units | 30 µmol/L | 130 µmol/L | ||
| Pentobarbital | – | – | 4 µg/mL | 15 µg/mL |
| SI units | 17 µmol/L | 66 µmol/L | ||
| Secobarbital | – | – | 3 µg/mL | 10 µg/mL |
| SI units | 12 µmol/L | 42 µmol/L | ||
| Alcohols | ||||
| Ethanol | – | – | 0.1 g/dL (legal level for intoxication) | 100 mg/dL |
| Methanol | – | – | – | 20 mg/dL |
| Psychiatric Drugs | ||||
| Amitriptyline (Elavil) | – | – | 100-250 ng/mL | >300 ng/mL |
| SI units | 361-902 nmol/L | >1083 nmol/L | ||
| Imipramine (Tofranil) | – | – | 100-250 ng/mL | >300 ng/mL |
| SI units | 357-898 nmol/L | >1071 nmol/L | ||
| Lithium (Lithonate) | 1-4 hr | – | 0.8-1.4 mEq/L | 1.5 mEq/L |
| SI units | 0.8-1.4 µmol/L | 1.5 µmol/L | ||
| Miscellaneous | ||||
| Acetaminophen | – | – | 0-25 µg/mL | >150 µg/mL |
| SI units | 0-170 µmol/L | >1000 µmol/L 4 hr after ingestion | ||
| Prochlorperazine | – | – | 0.5 µg/mL | 1.0 µg/mL |
| Bromides | – | – | 75-150 mg/dL | >150 mg/dL |
| SI units | 7-15 mmol/L | >15 mmol/L | ||
- Antibiotics
- Anticonvulsants
- Bronchodilators
- Cardiac Drugs
- Salicylates
- Narcotics
- Barbiturates
- Alcohols
- Psychiatric Drugs
- Miscellaneous