Causes of Altered Blood Glucose Levels
| Hyperglycemia | Hypoglycemia |
|---|---|
Persistent Causes | |
| Diabetes mellitus | Insulinoma |
| Hemochromatosis | Addison's disease |
| Cushing's syndrome | Hypopituitarism |
| Hyperthyroidism | Galactosemia |
| Acromegaly, gigantism | Ectopic insulin production from tumors (adrenal carcinoma, retroperitoneal sarcomas, pleural fibrous mesotheliomas) |
| Obesity | |
| Chronic pancreatitis | |
| Pancreatic adenoma | Starvation |
| Transient Causes | |
| Pheochromocytoma | Acute alcohol ingestion |
| Pregnancy (gestational diabetes) | Severe liver disease |
| Severe liver disease | Severe glycogen storage diseases |
| Acute stress reaction | Stress-related catecholamine excess ("functional" hypoglycemia) |
| Shock, trauma | |
| Convulsions, eclampsia | Hereditary fructose intolerance |
| Malabsorption syndrome | Myxedema |
| Postgastrectomy "dumping syndrome" | |
| Drugs | |
| Glucagon | Clonidine |
| Adrenocorticosteroids | Dextrothyroxine |
| Oral contraceptives | Niacin |
| Estrogens | Salicylates |
| Thyroid hormones | Antituberculosis agents |
| Anabolic steroids | Sulfonylureas |
| Thiazide diuretics | Sulfonamides |
| Loop diuretics | Insulin |
| Propranolol | Ethanol |
| Antipsychotic drugs | Clofibrate |
| Hydantoins | MAO inhibitors |