Causes of Alterations in White Blood Cell Enzymes
| Causes of Alterations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Enzyme | Elevated Levels | Decreased Levels |
| Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) | Chronic myelocytic leukemia Polycythemia vera Myelofibrosis Leukemoid reactions Oral contraceptives Pregnancy Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) excess Cushing's syndrome Down syndrome Multiple myeloma Lymphomas | Acute myelocytic leukemia Acute monocytic leukemia Chronic granulocytic leukemia Anemias (aplastic, pernicious) Thrombocytopenia Infectious mononucleosis Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Hereditary hypophosphatasia Collagen diseases |
| Causes of Alterations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Enzyme | Positive | Negative |
| Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain | Acute granulocytic leukemia - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia - Erythroleukemia - Amyloidosis - Thalassemia - Lymphomas | Early granulocyte precursors - Severe iron-deficiency anemia - Normal erythrocyte precursors - Mature RBCs |