Cancer Tests and Tumor Markers
| Marker | Clinical Association |
|---|---|
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (enzyme isozyme) | Osteogenic sarcoma, osteoblastic carcinoma metastasis |
 -Fetoprotein (AFP) (oncofetal antigen) | Testicular, hepatic carcinoma |
| CA 15-3 antigen (oncofetal antigen) | Breast malignancy |
| CA 19-9 antigen (oncofetal antigen) | Stomach, colon, pancreatic carcinoma |
| CA 50 antigen (oncofetal antigen) | Stomach, colon, pancreatic carcinoma |
| CA 125 antigen (oncofetal antigen) | Ovarian, fallopian tube carcinoma |
| Calcitonin (polypeptide hormone) | Thyroid medullary carcinoma |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (oncofetal antigen) | Breast, colon, lung carcinoma |
| Catecholamines (vanillylmandelic acid metabolite) | Neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma |
| Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-BB) (enzyme isoenzyme) | Breast, pulmonary carcinoma |
| DU-PAN-2 (glycoprotein antigen) | Pancreatic carcinoma |
| Galactosyltransferase (GT II) (enzyme isoenzyme) | Pancreatic carcinoma |
| Genetic mutation (DNA, oncogenes) | Predisposition to development of carcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma |
| Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (glycoprotein hormone) | Testicular carcinoma |
| 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (serotonin metabolite) | Carcinoid tumor |
| Immunoglobulins produced by B lymphocytes | Multiple myeloma, lymphomas |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) (enzyme isoenzyme LD1) | Renal carcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma |
| Lymphocyte B- and T-cell surface antigens (blood cell) | Lymphomas, lymphoblastic leukemia |
| Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (enolase isoenzyme) | Neuroblastoma, lung carcinoma |
| Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (serine protease) | Prostatic carcinoma |
| Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) (enzyme isozyme) | Prostatic carcinoma |
| Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) (oncofetal antigen) | Breast, lung, liver, pancreas, colorectal, stomach, ovary, prostate, bladder, head and neck, thyroid carcinoma |
| Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen (protein antigen) | Cervical, lung, esophageal, head and neck carcinoma |
| Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) | Intestinal tumor |