¹For patients <13 y, BP goal is <90th percentile for age, sex, and height. For patients ≥13-y old, BP goal is <120/80 mmHg. Use lifestyle modifications as first-line intervention and ACEI or ARB as first-line pharmacotherapy.

¹The false-negative rate of diabetes-specific autoantibody tests is lowest at the time of diagnosis, and the false-negative rate can be reduced by carrying out quantitative tests for 2 different diabetes-specific autoantibodies (with at least 1 being positive).

¹Titrate metformin from 500 to 2000 mg/d to minimize GI side effects.

¹When starting an SU, the patient must learn how to prevent, recognize, and treat hypoglycemia. Avoid SU in patients on insulin therapy because of the hypoglycemia risk. Caution in hepatic impairment.

²SGLT2 inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events in patients with T2D and are preferred in patients with CVD. Counsel on the increased risk for urinary tract infections. Monitor volume status and BP. Discontinue prior to surgery, during illness, or fasting. Use caution in hepatic impairment.

³GLP-1 RA can be used if weight loss is a priority and the drug is affordable. Discontinue if suspected pancreatitis. Evaluate for gallbladder disease if cholelithiasis or cholecystitis is suspected.

¹Two different once-daily, fixed dual combination products containing basal insulin plus a GLP-1 RA are available: insulin glargine plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) and insulin degludec plus liraglutide (IDegLira).

¹Breast cancer, prostate cancer, hematocrit >50%, PSA>4 ng/mL, desire for fertility in the near term, MI or CVA within last 6 mo, untreated severe obstructive sleep apnea, severe obstructive urinary symptoms, or uncontrolled heart failure.

¹N.B.: U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recommends screening to begin at 6 y rather than 2.