The physical examination generally follows the history. There are several purposes for the examination. First, baseline norms are established for the patient such as skin color, temperature, heart rate, and rhythm. Second, the patient's physical status is accurately described, identifying potential and actual health problems. Third, the examination allows the nurse to document history data, such as auscultating a cardiac arrhythmia after the patient has described breathlessness and a fast pulse.

The physical examination is an important step in the establishment of a therapeutic relationship with the patient. The patient's personal needs for such things as warmth or modesty should be acknowledged and respected. The purposes of the examination are explained, and the patient should be encouraged to ask questions and give responses. This is an excellent opportunity for teaching, and the examination procedures can be practiced with accompanying teaching; for example, a heart rate of 76 is normal for the patient's age and activity.