| Method | Advantages | Disadvantages and Side Effects |
|---|
| Men |
| Vas deferens is occluded (ligated and severed; bands; clips) to prevent passage of sperm | - Relatively simple surgical procedure
| - Sterility is not immediate; sperm are cleared from vas after about 15 ejaculations; need to have follow-up semen analysis to confirm sterility
|
- Does not affect endocrine function, production of testosterone
| - Antibody produced to own sperm
|
- Does not alter volume of ejaculate
| - Some men become impotent due to psychological response to procedure
|
- Tubal reconstruction usually possible (90%)
| - Fertility after tubal reconstruction (30%–85%)
|
| - Does not protect against STIs
|
| Women |
| Both fallopian tubes are ligated and severed, or occluded with bands or clips to prevent passage of eggs; fulguration of the tubes at the cornu is most effective | - Abdominal surgery utilizing 1-inch incision and laparoscopy
| - Major surgery (if done by laparotomy) with possible complications of anesthesia, infection, hemorrhage, and trauma to other organs; psychological trauma in some
|
- Greater than 99.5% effective
| - Success rate for pregnancy after tubal reversal using microsurgical techniques: 40%–75%
|
| Hysterectomy or oophorectomy or both | - Abdominal or vaginal surgery
| |
| |