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Table 6-20

Assessment	Mitral Stenosis	Mitral Insufficiency	Aortic Stenosis	Aortic Insufficiency
Subjective Data
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Orthopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Cough
Dyspnea on exertion
Palpitations
Syncope on exertion
Angina
Weight loss
Objective Data
Vital signs
Blood pressure:
Low or normal
Normal or elevated
Pulse:
Weak, irregular
Rapid, “waterhammer”
Respirations:
Increased, shallow
Cyanosis
Jugular vein distention
Enlarged liver
Dependent edema
Murmur