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  1. LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIET—ketogenic: low carbohydrate, high fat; dumping syndrome: low carbohydrate, high fat, high protein.
  2. GLUTEN-FREE DIET—elimination of all foods made from oats, barley, wheat, and rye; may have corn and rice. Used for celiac disease.
  3. HIGH-PROTEIN DIET—lean meat, cheese, and green vegetables.
    1. Nephrotic syndrome (may also be on low-sodium diet).
    2. Acute leukemia (combined with high-calorie and soft food diets).
    3. Neoplastic disease.
  4. LOW-PROTEIN DIET:
    1. Usually accompanied by high-carbohydrate diet and normal fats and calories.
    2. Renal failure, uremia, anuria, acute glomerulonephritis.
  5. LOW-SODIUM DIET:
    1. Heart failure.
    2. Nephrotic syndrome.
    3. Acute glomerulonephritis (varies with degree of oliguria).
  6. HIGH-PHOSPHORUS DIET:
    1. Use when serum phosphorus level is less than 2.7 mg/dL due to:
      1. Insufficient intake (e.g., malnutrition, starvation).
      2. Increased phosphorus excretion due to:
        1. Renal failure.
        2. Hyperparathyroidism.
        3. Malignancy.
        4. Antacids that are aluminum hydroxide–based or magnesium-based.
    2. Sources of phosphorus: beef, chicken, fish, organ meats, pork, nuts, legumes, whole-grain breads and cereals, milk, egg, cheese, ice cream, carbonated beverages.