20. The care plan for an older adult with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic anxiety should include:
Select all that apply.
20. The care plan for an older adult with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic anxiety should include:
Select all that apply.
. Inhalation therapy and instruction about methods of conserving energy.
. An exercise program to increase the vital capacity of the lungs.
. Respiratory exercises with emphasis on forced inhalation.
. Oxygen therapy at 4 L/min as needed, and deep breathing for relaxation.
. Teaching the use of the diaphragm to improve breathing.
Test-Taking Tip
Think about the pathophysiology involved and the impact of aging.
Content Area: Geriatrics, Respiratory; Integrated Process: Nursing Process, Planning; Cognitive Level: Application; Client Need/Subneed: Physiological Integrity/Physiological Adaptation/Alterations in Body Systems
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Answer 1 is correct because the actions are appropriate for the older adult and will improve ventilation. Answer 2 is incorrect because lung capacity diminishes with age and this is not reversible. Answer 3 is incorrect because COPD traps air, so the client should learn pursed-lip breathing, not forced inhalation. Answer 4 is incorrect because the oxygen level is higher than recommended for COPD. The stimulus to breathe is hypoxia. Answer 5 is correct because the diaphragm should be used to facilitate inspiration and expiration rather than the accessory muscles of breathing.