Information
- USE: To enhance immune function, promote wellness as an anti-inflammatory agent; to reduce risk of chronic diseases, including cancer.
- SOURCE FOODS:
- Berries.
- Rich in: vitamin C, fiber, potassium, phytochemicals (flavonoids).
- Effect:
- Antioxidants: protect against cell damage.
- Anti-inflammatory.
- Antiulcerative.
- Antiviral.
- May help to inhibit tumor formation in: liver, colon, esophageal, and oral cancer.
- Servings: daily.
- Citrus fruits.
- Rich in: vitamin C, folic acid, phytochemicals (e.g., beta-carotene, limonoids, monoterpenes, phenols).
- Effect:
- Inhibit activation of cancer cells; detoxify cancer promoters.
- Aid protective enzymes.
- Stimulate cancer-killing immune cells.
- May reduce risk of: breast, skin, colon cancers.
- Servings: daily.
- Cruciferous vegetable family.
- Rich in: antioxidants (e.g., beta-carotene and vitamin C); also isothiocyanates; including sulforaphane.
- Group includes: broccoli, kale, cauliflower, cabbage, bok choy, brussels sprouts.
- Effect:
- Isothiocyanates: interfere with tumor growth.
- Neutralize cancer-causing chemicals.
- Stimulate enzymes (e.g., glutathione S-transferase) that inactivate carcinogens.
- May help reduce risk of hormone-related cancers (e.g., breast, prostate, and thyroid).
- May help reduce risk of: lung, GI, oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancers.
- Servings: 3 servings/week.
- Fatty fish (salmon, trout, herring, bluefish, sardines).
- Rich in: omega-3 fatty acids, iron, B vitamins, selenium, vitamin D.
- Effect:
- Inhibit growth of cancer cells.
- Stimulate the immune system.
- Help prevent or reduce muscle wasting.
- May reduce the risk of cancers of: breast, prostate, endometrium, colon.
- Servings: twice/week or more often.
- Flaxseed.
- Rich in: omega-3 fatty acids, lignans, fiber, protein, calcium, potassium, vitamin B, iron.
- Effect:
- Block tumor growth.
- Inhibit angiogenesis.
- Enhance immune system.
- Anti-inflammatory.
- Caution: Not to be used by clients with hormone-sensitive breast cancer and/or if using tamoxifen or other antiestrogenic drugs.
- Garlic and onions.
- Effect:
- Increase detoxification of enzymes.
- Stimulate cancer-fighting immune cells.
- May decrease risk of: prostate, breast, gastric, and colon cancer.
- May also have antiasthma and cardioprotective effects.
- Servings: use in any recipe.
- Green tea.
- Rich in: polyphenols (antioxidants that prevent DNA damage).
- Effect:
- Catechins (a type of polyphenol) may help to rid body of carcinogens.
- May neutralize cell-damaging free radicals.
- Stimulates immune response.
- May suppress the growth of cancer cells.
- May reduce the risk of: colorectal, prostate, breast, bladder, gastric, esophageal, liver, lung, skin, and head and neck cancers.
- Servings: 2 to 4 cups daily.
- Herbs and spices.
- Rosemary: rich in carnosol and ursolic acid with strong antioxidant activity.
- Turmericand cumin: rich in curcumin that may reduce risk of leukemia, skin, and liver cancers.
- Chili peppers: rich in capsaicin that helps to prevent formation of nitrosamines; may reduce risk of colon, gastric and rectal cancers.
- Legumes/beans.
- Rich in: low-fat source of protein and dietary fiber, iron, folic acid, calcium, zinc, phytochemicals (e.g., phytosterols, saponins, phytic acid, isoflavones).
- Effect: prevent DNA damage → provide anticancer activity.
- Servings: 3 to 4/week.
- Nuts.
- Rich in: dietary fiber, vitamin E, healthy fats.
- Brazil nuts: high amount of selenium.
- Walnuts: high in omega-3 fatty acids.
- Effect: encourage "suicide" (apoptosis) of cancer cells.
- Servings: 2 Brazil nuts daily; 2 tbsp of walnuts daily.
- Olive oil(extra virgin).
- Rich in: monounsaturated fats, polyphenols.
- Effect:
- Inhibit oxidative stress.
- Arrest cell proliferation.
- Induce cell death (apoptosis).
- May reduce risk of: breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers.
Vegetables/fruitsorange-colored (carrots, sweet potatoes, winter squash, mangoes, papayas).- Rich in: vitamin C, folic acid, other B vitamins, fiber and beta-carotene.
- Effect: carotenoids strengthen immune system.
- May reduce risk of: lung, colorectal, uterine, prostate, and breast cancers.
- Servings: daily servings of dark-orange and green foods.
- Soy foods.
- Rich in: protein, fiber, calcium, variety of vitamins and minerals; phytoestrogens (e.g., isoflavones, lignans).
- Dietary sources: soybeans (edamame), tofu, tempeh, miso, soy nuts, soy milk.
- Caution: Those with breast cancer are advised to limit soy consumption to 3 to 4 servings/week.
- May reduce risk of cancers: breast, prostate, thyroid, and colon.
- Servings: 1 to 2 daily soy servings (10 to 30 gm soy protein and 30 to 90 mg isoflavones). Avoid excesses of more than 200 mg isoflavones daily.
- Tomatoes.
- Rich in: lycopene, vitamin C, beta-carotene, potassium.
- Effect:
- Antioxidants that scavenge free radicals.
- Reduce tissue damage.
- Protect cell membranes.
- Prevent formation of nitrosamines.
- Have been shown to inhibit growth of: prostate, colon, bladder, cervical, stomach, esophageal, and lung cancers.
- Servings: 4 or more daily.
- Whole grains.
- Rich in: fiber, vitamins, trace minerals, antioxidants, plant sterols, phytoestrogens, phytases, tocotrienols, lignans, ellagic acid, saponins.
- Dietary sources: oats, barley, mullet, brown rice, bulgur.
- Effect: may reduce risk of various cancers, as well as hypertension, heart disease, obesity, and diabetes.
- Servings: 3 times daily.
- Yogurtwith live, active cultures.
- Rich in: protein, calcium, and probiotics.
- Effect:
- Boost immunity.
- Inhibit cell proliferation.
- Induce cell death.
- May protect against colorectal cancer.