| Reality Orientation | Resocialization |
|---|---|
| 1. Maximum use of assets. | 1. Reality living situation in a community. |
| 2. Structured. | 2. Unstructured. |
| 3. Refreshments may be served. | 3. Refreshments served. |
| 4. Constant reminders of who the clients are, where they are, and why and what is expected of them. | 4. Reliving happy experiences; encouragement to participate in home activities. |
| 5. Group size: 3–5, depending on degree and level of confusion or disorientation. | 5. Group size: 5–17, depending on mental and physical capabilities. |
| 6. Meetings: 30 minutes daily, same time and place. | 6. Meetings: 3 times per week for 30 minutes to 1 hour. |
| 7. Planned topics: reality-centered objects. | 7. No planned topic; group-centered feelings. |
| 8. Role of leader: eliciting response of participants. | 8. Role of leader: clarification and interpretation. |
| 9. Periodic reality-orientation test of participants’ level of confusion. | 9. Periodic progress note of participants’ enjoyment and improvements. |
| 10. Emphasis: time, place, person orientation. | 10. Any topic freely discussed. |
| 11. Use of mind function still intact. | 11. Rely on memories and experiences. |
| 12. Participant is greeted by name, thanked for coming, extended a handshake or other physical contact. | 12. Participant greeted on arrival, thanked, extended a handshake on leaving. |
| 13. Conducted by trained aides and activity assistants. | 13. Conducted by RN, LPN/LVN, aides, program assistants. |
Adapted from the classic article by Barns, E, Sack, A, & Shore, H: Gerontologist 13:513, 1973.