Patients with malnutrition or evidence of cachexia present at diagnosis

Patients expected to receive highly emetogenic regimens

Patients treated with regimens associated with severe gastrointestinal complications such as constipation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, mucositis, enterocolitis

Patients with relapsed disease

Patients who are < 2 months old

Patients who are expected to receive radiation to the oropharynx/esophagus or abdomen

Patients on chemotherapy treatment protocols with high occurrence of gastrointestinal or appetite-depressing effects such as those for Burkitt lymphoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and central nervous system tumors

Patients with postsurgical complications such as prolonged ileus or short gut syndrome

Patients receiving a hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Patients with inadequate availability of nutrients because of low socioeconomic status