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Table 4-6

Variables that Influence Pharmacologic Effects of Inhaled Anesthetics

  • Anesthetic concentration

  • Rate of increase in anesthetic concentration

  • Spontaneous versus controlled ventilation

  • Variations from normocapnia

  • Surgical stimulation

  • Patient age

  • Coexisting disease

  • Concomitant drug therapy

  • Intravascular fluid volume

  • Preoperative medication

  • Injected drugs to induce and/or maintain anesthesia or skeletal muscle relaxation

  • Alterations in body temperature