| Anaphylactic (Allergic Reaction) | Cardiogenic (Pump Failure) | Hypovolemic (Low Volume) | Neurogenic (Spinal Shock) | Septic (Septicemia) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Findings | Dyspnea Bronchospasm Hives, rash Cool, pale skin ↓BP, ↑ HR Diaphoresis Hypotension Edema, swelling | ↓HR, ↓ BP Weak pulses ↑Capillary refill Cyanosis Dysrhythmias Dyspnea AMS Cool, moist skin | ↓BP, ↑ HR Weak pulses ↑Capillary refill Cyanosis Dysrhythmias AMS Cool, moist skin | ↓BP, ↓ HR Bounding pulse Pale, warm, and dry skin Skin possibly flushed | Flushed, warm skin ↑Temp, ↓ UO (late) Vasodilatation (early) Vasoconstriction (late) |
| Collaborative Management | Support ABCs Administer SC epinephrine, antihistamines, IV fluids, corticosteroids | Support ABCs Administer CPAP Fluid challenge (250-500 mL) if lungs clear Adjust IV to TKO for pulmonary congestion (rales or crackles) Administer vasopressors | Support ABCs Control bleeding Immobilize c-spine for trauma Elevate legs (unless trauma) Establish 2 large-bore IVs (NS/LR) and titrate to SBP >90 mm Hg | Support ABCs Immobilize cervical spine for trauma Give IV fluids Ensure supine position Administer vasopressors | Support ABCs Give IV fluids Obtain blood cultures Administer antibiotics, vasopressors |