Alterations in Sensation or Response to Discomfort

• Degenerative neurological/neuromuscular disease, cerebrovascular disease, brain or spinal cord injury, depression, drugs that adversely affect alertness.

Alterations in Mobility

• Neurological disease/injury, fractures, contractures, pain, or restraints.

Significant Changes in Weight

• Protein-energy malnutrition, severe edema, obesity.

Medical Conditions

• Malnutrition and dehydration, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, end-stage renal disease, congestive heart failure, malignant diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, or bowel and bladder incontinence.