| Hypoglycemia | Hyperglycemia | |
|---|---|---|
| History | Recent insulin shot, missed meal, excessive exercise. | Infection, stress, trauma, insufficient insulinintake. |
| Onset | Rapid (minutes). | Gradual (days to weeks). |
| Neuro | Confusion, delirium, coma, seizures. | Irritability, headache (HA), double or blurred vision. |
| Resp | Normal respiratory pattern. | Deep and rapid (Kussmaul's). |
| Breath | Normal (no fruity odor). | Fruity (acetone) odor |
| CV | Weak, rapid HR, SBP variable. | HR normal to fast, SBP variable. |
| Skin | Cool, pale, and diaphoretic. | Warm, dry, flushed. |
| GI/GU | Nausea and vomiting. | Polydipsia, polyuria, nausea and vomiting,abdominal cramps, dehydration. |
| MS | Weakness, tremor, twitch. | Muscle wasting. |
| Blood Glucose | <80 mg/dL. | >180 mg/dL. |
| Presentation | Medication |
|---|---|
| Hypoglycemia | Dextrose 50%: 25 g IV. |
| Hyperglycemia | IV fluid, insulin (potassium as indicated). |