DDx ⬇
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Anemia of liver disease
- Anemia of hypothyroidism
Related DDx ⬆ ⬇
Etiology ⬆
- Dietary deficiency
- Decreased absorption: tropical sprue, drugs (phenytoin, sulfasalazine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
- Increased requirement: chronic hemolytic anemia, pregnancy, exfoliative skin disease
- Loss: dialysis
- Inhibition of reduction to active form: methotrexate