DDx ⬇
Airways
- Bronchitis
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchogenic carcinoma
Pulmonary vasculature
- Left ventricular failure
- Mitral stenosis
- Pulmonary embolism
- Arteriovenous malformation
Pulmonary parenchyma
- Pneumonia
- Abscess
- Tuberculosis
- Aspergilloma
- Parasites, eg, paragonimiasis, ascariasis, hookworm, strongyloidiasis
- Goodpasture’s syndrome
- Wegener’s granulomatosis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Crack cocaine inhalation
- Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
- Leukemia
Iatrogenic
- Transbronchial lung biopsy
- Anticoagulation
- Pulmonary artery rupture by PA line
Related DDx ⬆