Hematuria

Cystitis
Urinary calculi
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (usually microscopic hematuria)
Renal cell carcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma (urethra, bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis)
Glomerulonephritis, eg, IgA nephropathy
Polycystic kidney disease
Anticoagulant use
Prostate cancer
Papillary necrosis, eg, NSAID overuse, diabetes mellitus, sickle cell trait or disease
Renal infarction
Interstitial nephritis
Medullary sponge kidney
Radiation or chemical cystitis, eg, cyclophosphamide
Atrophic vaginitis (usually microscopic hematuria)
Schistosomiasis
Menses