Low stroke volume
- Hypovolemia, eg, hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, burns, "third spacing"
- Pneumothorax
- Pulmonary embolus
- Cardiac tamponade
- "Pump failure" due to myocardial ischemia or cardiomyopathy
- Aortic stenosis
- Aortic insufficiency
- Mitral regurgitation
- Aortic dissection
- Rupture of ventricular septum or free wall
Abnormal heart rate
Low systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
- Sepsis
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Anaphylaxis
- Drugs, eg, vasodilators
- Neurogenic shock