• Microcytic anemia due to other causes: thalassemia, anemic of chronic disease, sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning

Associated conditions

• Plummer-Vinson syndrome (iron deficiency and esophageal webs)

• Microcytic anemia
• Occult gastrointestinal bleeding
• Glossitis
• Hemoglobinuria

• Blood loss: gastrointestinal, menstrual, repeated blood donation
• Deficient diet
• Increased requirements: pregnancy, lactation
• Hemoglobinuria, eg, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
• Malabsorption, eg, gastric surgery, celiac disease
• Hemolysis
• Pulmonary hemosiderosis (iron sequestration)