Definition

• Thyroid enlargement

• Benign multinodular goiter
• Iodine-deficient goiter
• Pregnancy (in areas of iodine deficiency)
• Graves’ disease
• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
• Subacute (de Quervain’s) thyroiditis
• Drugs causing hypothyroidism: lithium, amiodarone, propylthiouracil, methimazole, phenylbutazone, sulfonamides, interferon ?, iodide
• Infiltrating disease, eg, malignancy, sarcoidosis
• Suppurative thyroiditis
• Riedel’s thyroiditis

• Neck mass
• Thyroid nodules
• Thyroiditis
• Thyroid cancer
• Hypothyroidism
• Increased TSH
• Decreased TSH

Causes of endemic goiter

• Iodine deficiency (most common)
• Foods: sorghum, millet, maize, cassava, turnip
• Mineral deficiency: selenium, iron
• Water pollutants