(40% of pts): limited to kidney

(20%): extension to outside capsule, vessel involvement >2 mm

(20%): R1-R2 resection, +LN, local spillage or diffuse peritoneal spillage, Bx (including FNA), +implants, +margin, transected tumor thrombus, piecemeal resection, unresectable tumor

(10%): hematogenous mets or LN+ outside the abdomen/pelvis

(4%-8%): bilat Dz; each side staged independently