UK Clinical Trials Unit meta-analysis of 5 RCTs, including individual data from 4 RCTs, found that the benefit of adj CRT was greater in R1 pts compared to R0 pts, although the difference was not SS. Also, the benefit of adj chemo alone decreased in R1 pts compared to R0 pts, suggesting that CRT may have a more important role in R1 pts. (ButturiniG et al., Arch Surg 2008) This is being examined in RTOG 0848, which randomizes postop pts, stratified by margin status, to either chemo alone or CRT after 5 cycles of induction chemo.