CONKO-001 included T1-T4, N0-N1 pts in an RCT of observation vs. adj gemcitabine. Outcomes favored adj Tx: median DFS was 13 mos vs. 7 mos (SS). MS was 23 mos vs. 20 mos (SS), and 5-yr OS was 21% vs. 10% (SS), 10-yr OS was 12.2% vs. 7.7%. (OettleH et al., JAMA 2013) Note: Pts with CA 19-9 >90 (2.5 × upper limit of normal [ULN]) were excluded from this trial.