tir-ZEP-a-tide

Therapeutic Classification: antidiabetics

Pharmacologic Classification: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (as adjunct to diet and exercise).

• Acts as a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist; increases insulin secretion and reduces glucagon secretion, both in a glucose-dependent manner. Also slows gastric emptying.

• Improved glycemic control.

Absorption: 80% absorbed following subcutaneous administration.

Distribution: Minimally distributed to tissues.

Protein Binding: 99%.

Metabolism/Excretion: Metabolized by proteolytic cleavage, beta-oxidation, and amide hydrolysis. Excreted in the urine and feces, with very little being eliminated as unchanged drug.

Half-life: 5 days.

(plasma concentrations)

Contraindicated in:

• Hypersensitivity
• Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
• Type 1 diabetes
• Severe gastroparesis.

Use Cautiously in:

• History of pancreatitis
• Diabetic retinopathy (↑ risk of complications)
• History of angioedema or anaphylaxis to another GLP-1 receptor agonist
• OB: Use during pregnancy only if potential maternal benefit justifies potential fetal risk; insulin recommended for glucose management in pregnancy
• Lactation: Use while breastfeeding only if potential maternal benefit justifies potential risk to infant
• Pedi: Safety and effectiveness not established in children.

CV: ↑ heart rate.

EENT: retinopathy complications.

Endo: hypoglycemia, MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA.

GI: diarrhea, nausea, ↑ amylase, ↑ lipase, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence, gastroesophageal reflux disease, PANCREATITIS, vomiting.

GU: acute kidney injury.

Local: injection site reactions.

Metab: ↓ appetite.

Misc: HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS (INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS AND ANGIOEDEMA).

Drug-Drug:

• Concurrent use with agents that increase insulin secretion, including sulfonylureas or insulin, may ↑ the risk of serious hypoglycemia; use cautiously and consider dose ↓ of agent increasing insulin secretion.
• May alter absorption of concomitantly administered oral medications, including oral hormonal contraceptives, due to delayed gastric emptying; advise patients taking oral hormonal contraceptive to switch to a non-oral contraceptive method or add a barrier contraceptive method for 4 wks after initiating therapy and for 4 wks after each dose escalation of tirzepatide.

• SC (Adults): 2.5 mg once weekly initially for 4 wk, then ↑ to 5 mg once weekly; may then ↑ dose in 2.5 mg/wk increments every 4 wks, if needed, to achieve glycemic goals (max weekly dose = 15 mg/week).

• Solution for injection (prefilled pens): 2.5 mg/0.5 mL; 5 mg/0.5 mL; 7.5 mg/0.5 mL; 10 mg/0.5 mL; 12.5 mg/0.5 mL; 15 mg/0.5 mL;

• Observe patient taking concurrent insulin for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemic reactions (sweating, hunger, weakness, dizziness, tremor, tachycardia, anxiety, headache, blurred vision, slurred speech, irritability).
• If thyroid nodules or elevated serum calcitonin are noted, patient should be referred to an endocrinologist.
• Monitor for pancreatitis (persistent severe abdominal pain, sometimes radiating to the back, with or without vomiting). If pancreatitis is suspected, discontinue tirzepatide; if confirmed, do not restart tirzepatide.
• Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis, angioedema) during therapy.

• Monitor serum A_1c periodically during therapy to evaluate effectiveness.
  • May ↑ lipase and pancreatic amylase.

• Patients stabilized on a diabetic regimen who are exposed to stress, fever, trauma, infection, or surgery may require administration of insulin.
• SC: Administer once weekly at any time of the day, without regard to food. Day of wk may be changed as long as at least 72 hr before next dose. Inject into abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. Rotate injection sites with each dose. Solution is clear and colorless to slightly yellow; do not administer solutions that are cloudy, discolored or contain particulate matter. Store pens at room temperature for up to 21 days; do not freeze. Store in the original carton to protect from light.
• When using with insulin, administer as separate injections; never mix. If injecting tirzepatide and insulin in same body region, injections should not be close to each other.

• Instruct patient on use of pen and to take tirzepatide as directed. Follow manufacturer's instructions for pen use. Pen should never be shared between patients, even if needle is changed. Store pen in refrigerator; do not freeze. After initial use, pen may be stored at room temperature up to 14 days. Advise patient to read the Medication Guide before starting tirzepatide and with each Rx refill in case of changes.
• Take missed dose as soon as remembered as long as 3 days (72 hr) until next scheduled dose. If less than 3 days until next scheduled dose, skip and take next scheduled dose.
• Advise patient taking insulin and tirzepatide to never mix insulin and tirzepatide together. Give as 2 separate injections. Both injections may be given in the same body area, but should not be given right next to each other.
• Explain to patient that this medication controls hyperglycemia but does not cure diabetes. Therapy is long-term.
• Review signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia with patient. If hypoglycemia occurs, advise patient to take a glass of orange juice or 2–3 tsp of sugar, honey, or corn syrup dissolved in water and notify health care professional.
• Encourage patient to follow prescribed diet, medication, and exercise regimen to prevent hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic episodes.
• Instruct patient in proper testing of serum glucose and ketones. These tests should be closely monitored during periods of stress or illness, and health care professional should be notified if significant changes occur.
• Advise patient to notify health care professional if changes in vision occur during therapy.
• Advise patient to notify health care professional of all Rx or OTC medications, vitamins, or herbal products being taken and consult health care professional before taking any new medications.
• Advise patient to notify health care professional immediately if signs of pancreatitis (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) or hypersensitivity (swelling of face, lips, tongue or throat, problems breathing or swallowing, severe rash or itching, fainting or feeling dizzy, very rapid heartbeat) occur.
• Inform patient of risk of benign and malignant thyroid C-cell tumors. Advise patient to notify health care professional if symptoms of thyroid tumors (lump in neck, hoarseness, trouble swallowing, shortness of breath) occur.
• Advise patient to inform health care professional of medication regimen before treatment or surgery.
• Advise patient to carry a form of sugar (sugar packets, candy) and identification describing disease process and medication regimen at all times.
• Rep: Insulin is the preferred method of controlling blood glucose during pregnancy. Counsel females of reproductive potential to notify health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected or if breastfeeding. Advise patients using oral hormonal contraceptives to switch to a non-oral contraceptive method, or add a barrier method of contraception for 4 wks after initiation and for 4 wks after each dose escalation.
• Emphasize the importance of routine follow-up exams.

• Improved glycemic control.

Mounjaro